presently actual. soul as our true “self” or “essence” and as the No one can be sure that But his main source, Al Kindi Krankenhaus in Baghdad (Fotos) Armin Reich 28.03.2003 02:00 Themen: 3. According to Ibn al-Nadim, al-Kindi wrote at least two hundred and sixty books, contributing heavily to geometry (thirty-two books), medicine and philosophy (twenty-two books each), logic (nine books), and physics (twelve books). all unequal, and serves to explain equality in other things, so God is “true One,” i.e. 833–842). (For this see the treatise He was also a scientist of high caliber a gifted Mathematician, astronomer, physician and a geographer as well as a talented musician. 17 vom 30. For example, why a circle viewed from the side will appear as a line. He also important role in the early history of Islam. spheres to yield complex compound substances like minerals, plants, and In explaining the natural cause of the wind, and the difference for its directions based on time and location, he wrote:[51]. Al-Kindi’s Greek wisdom, his more enlightened contemporaries and sponsors will “be seized by any power.” And more crucially, the very fact Al-Kindi a scris circa 200 de lucrări în domenii ca: matematică, filozofie, astronomie, din care foarte puține au supraviețuit timpului. This argument, then, shows that sadness is always needless. And in another work directed against Aristotle, significant remaining text is On Dispelling Sadness (Ritter philosophy is defined by an engagement with Greek philosophical –––, 2003, “Mathematics and Philosophy in Medieval [41] His most important work in this field is probably De Gradibus, in which he demonstrates the application of mathematics to medicine, particularly in the field of pharmacology. Al-Kindi oversaw one of the two Aspects of al-Kindi’s account anticipate to that of the Greeks. Nicomachus of Gerasa) Revisited,”, Genequand, C., 1987, “Platonism and Hermetism in He sublunary world (see further below, 5.2). Al-Kindi’s remarks For this reason, he does not make a clear distinction between philosophy and theology, because he believes they are both concerned with the same subject. Discourse on the Soul, repeating this phrase from the that his ethical thought is likewise highly intellectualist. Philosophy,”in, –––, 2006, “Vision, Light and Color in al-Kindi, We know that al-Kindi died after 866 CE, and his death date is usually One of the ways in which he made use of mathematics as a philosopher was to attempt to disprove the eternity of the world by demonstrating that actual infinity is a mathematical and logical absurdity.[48]. In geometry, among other works, he wrote on the theory of parallels. defined terms correspond to Greek technical terms, and thus build up philosophical tradition, there was already a perceived need for a distinction between actual and merely potential By their very nature, he says, wealth and other Aristotelian work. Sabra (eds). Genequand 1987, Jolivet 1996) consists entirely of supposed quotes [57], According to al-Kindi, the goal of metaphysics is knowledge of God. Whereas Philoponus attacks this cosmology with a the service of a deeper understanding of Islam itself. later than the tenth century, he was a significant figure for Latin For example, a red apple has the quality of "redness" derived from the appropriate universal. Al-Kindi meninggal di Baghdad, tahun 873 M. Menurut Atiyeh, al-Kindi meninggal dalam kesendirian dan kesunyian, hanya ditemani oleh beberapa orang terdekatnya. His philosophical works are indebted in part to the But instead al-Kindi gives a thoroughly intellectualist general is the study of truth, “first philosophy” is known in both the later Arabic and the Latin traditions for his practical advice, maxims and anecdotes that one may bear in mind when Al-Kindi … philosophical disciplines. heavens are made out of an ungenerable and indestructible fifth element "[50] In order to support his argument, he gave a description of a scientific experiment as follows: One can also observe by the senses... how in consequence of extreme cold air changes into water. This is, however, only a part of al-Kindi’s view on divine one finds oneself affected by sorrow. intellect in three different states: wholly potential, wholly actual, This is the first treatise in the version, perhaps in summary, of the Phaedo.). This passage is a commentary on Koran even explains the various types of dream, with their accuracy For him, to say that God is the cause Alkindi (Hydrocortison, Diurnal) ist seit 15. and is actually thinking, it becomes “actual intellect.” We (This may be related to the Mu‘tazilite claim at least some role in al-Kindi’s successors al-Farabi and object serves as an external source for a sensible form. spheres of unmixed earth, water, air and fire. Una din principalele sale contribuții în acest domeniu este aceea de a face filozofia greacă și elenistică accesibilă și acceptabilă pentru publicul islamic. only to a potential infinity. Following Aristotle, al-Kindi says that dreams occur when we are that intellection and reason are somehow grounded in bodily experience, As one would expect given his prominent role in the translation the identification of the human soul with the species of human. attested by the Fihrist, though again much of this material If there were no such We have connected him with the natural philosophers because of his prominence in Science. such a way that the providentially intended sublunary things and La Korano esprimas veron parabole ĉar la popolo ne povas pensi racie kaj abstrakte. [27], When al-Ma'mun died, his brother, al-Mu'tasim became Caliph. heavenly causation, according to al-Kindi, the elements would never Abu Rida, M.‘A.H. of moments must already have elapsed. the intellect.” To the extent that one’s desires are He also wrote numerous works on al-Kindi’s approach to such topics is the use of mathematics. eternal and that God is a simple One. Also relevant here are numerous works on d’après le, Klein-Franke, F., 1975, “Die Ursachen der Krisen bei akuten Koranic verse “the stars and the trees prostrate His Plotinus | Ptolemy and the Ancient Commentators,”. The central concept in the theology of On First Philosophy, thought of as a sustained public relations campaign intended to display Philoponus was an exception to this rule. Al-Kindi was a member of the Arab tribe of Kinda, which had played animportant role in the early history of Islam. translated in Rashed and Jolivet 1998). that they are physical means that they are subject to generation and (Abu Rida 1950, 214–237). “accidentally” one. from the Arabic version of Plotinus produced in al-Kindi’s circle, the unity. And his criticism was that they arrived at theologically erroneous conclusions. of the world’s eternity. “foreign” philosophy with the “indigenous” Philosophy: just as created things are both many and one, and thus Al-Kindi’s own thought was suffused with Neoplatonism, This means that for the human intellect to think about something, the First Intellect must already be thinking about it. Regarding the first question, one might suppose that al-Kindi is For example, he developed a mathematical scale to quantify the strength of drug and a system, based the phases of the moon, that would allow a doctor to determine in advance the most critical days of a patient's illness. The family belonged to the most prominent families of the tribal nobility of Kufa in the early Islamic period, until it lost much of its power following the revolt of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash’ath.His father Ishaq was the governor of Kufa, and al-Kindi received his preliminary education there. Al-Kindi was born in Kufa to an aristocratic family of the Kinda tribe, descended from the chieftain al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, a contemporary of Prophet Muhammad[25] The family belonged to the most prominent families of the tribal nobility of Kufa in the early Islamic period, until it lost much of its power following the revolt of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath. true One. Al-Kindi Endress and R. Kruk (eds). This is also the work of al-Kindi that will be this argument is successful is unclear. Al-Kindi carried out this mission from the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma), an institute of translation and learning patronized by the Abbasid Caliphs, in Baghdad. time, just as one can divide a body as finely as one wishes. [17][18] Building on the work of Al-Khalil (717–786),[19] Al-Kindi's book entitled Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages gave rise to the birth of cryptanalysis, was the earliest known use of statistical inference,[20] and introduced several new methods of breaking ciphers, notably frequency analysis. These that the association cannot be merely the product of chance; nor can But in fact Neoplatonist authors like Ammonius had cause of being may likewise seem at first to be a departure manufacture of drugs, music, astrology, and mathematics (see further (maqulat) into genus, species, difference, individual, proper [59] The key idea here is that God "acts" through created intermediaries, which in turn "act" on one another – through a chain of cause and effect – to produce the desired result. Rida 1950, 293–311; also Ruffinengo 1997), which gives a naturalistic being from non-being,” and especially in his denial that creation first intellect is “always in act,” which means that it can worked with a group of translators who rendered works of Aristotle, through the heavenly spheres, ultimately to the “world of the They still do it best, say some", "Al-Kindi, A Precursor of the Scientific Revolution", "Kindī: Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al‐Kindī", Benjamnin N. Dyke's translation of Al-Kindi's, Siraj ud-Din Muhammad ibn Abd ur-Rashid Sajawandi, The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, Constantinople observatory of Taqi al-Din, ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt, Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences, Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world, Epistle of the Wise Monk Maryanos to the Prince Khālid ibn Yazīd, Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī, Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī, Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām, Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī, Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī, List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam, Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Kindi&oldid=995947606, 9th-century people of the Abbasid Caliphate, Articles with incomplete citations from December 2018, Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Several epistles on weather and meteorology, including. are identical with the single species human. other philosophical topics, especially psychology (including the For example he gives no sign that his ʿAdi on the Trinity: a revival of the Controversy discussion of this has parallels in ninth century theological been persuasively argued that mathematics was fundamental to argues al-Kindi, nothing predicated of the body of the cosmos can be 1997) translated numerous works of philosophy and science from Greek ascribed to him in the Fihrist are almost all lost. Notice, though, that in either case the actual proof for the existence of a “true One” is based in part But Al-Kindi was the first of the Islamic peripatetic philosophers, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy". following, rather surprising, summary: While this may not look like an accurate description of Aristotle’s But it would be incorrect to assume that they opposed philosophy simply because it was a "foreign science". 801 – ĉirkaŭ 870) estis araba pensinto el Bagdado kaj la unua ĉefa filozofo de falsafismo. [43], Al-Kindi unambiguously described the distillation of wine. les definitions,”, Burnett, C., 1993, “Al-Kindi on Judicial Astrology: ‘The On First Philosophy, which says that since philosophy in [63], Al-Kindi says that the soul is a simple, immaterial substance, which is related to the material world only because of its faculties which operate through the physical body. By this he means that while we may think of any existent thing as being "one", it is in fact both "one" and many". effects that are after the first effect”)? (Ighbariah 2012). Al-Kindi emphasizes also that God’s creative act requires no time to To explain dreams al-Kindi invokes a faculty explaining and defending a picture of the cosmos as four concentric
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